Administrative village in Jakarta, Indonesia
Glodok (Chinese: 裹踱刻; pinyin: guǒ duó kè) is an urban village of Taman Sari, West Jakarta, Indonesia. The area is also known as Pecinan or Chinatown since the Dutch colonial era, and is considered the biggest in Indonesia. Majority of the traders and residents of Glodok are Chinese descent. The area dates back to colonial times when in November 1740, the Dutch East Indies Company designated Glodok as a residential area for ethnic Chinese. Administratively, the area is a kelurahan under the Taman Sari district, West Jakarta.[1]
Glodok is one of biggest trading centers for electronic goods in Jakarta.
The word Glodok came from the Sundanese word "Golodog" (Sundanese script: ᮌᮧᮜᮧᮓᮧᮌ᮪), meaning entrance to a house, as Sunda Kalapa (Jakarta) is the gateway to the ancient Sundanese Kingdom. It was also thought that the name came from the "grojok grojok" sound that water makes coming out of a waterspout in the yard of the Cityhall (Stadhuis), now the Jakarta Museum. A waterspout was built on this site in 1743 and was used for daily needs such as a watering hole for horses.[2]
In Batavia (now Jakarta), Dutch East India Company created commercial opportunities which attracted immigrants from many areas of what is now Indonesia. This economic activity also lured thousands of Chinese people to Java. Swift immigration challenged the city's limited infrastructure and created burdens on the city. Tensions grew as the colonial government tried to restrict Chinese migration through deportations.
On 9 October 1740, 5,000 Chinese were massacred and the following year, Chinese inhabitants were ghettoized in Glodok outside the city walls.[3] In 1998, Glodok was one of major areas attacked during the May 1998 riots, primarily due to tensions between pribumi and Chinese Indonesians who lived there, who were accused of hoarding the nation's wealth. In 2006, practitioners of Falun Gong were reportedly "assaulted" during a meditation session. A Falun Gong representative suggested that the assailants were sent by the Chinese embassy, though a local news organization noted another possible motivation: that Falun Gong practitioners had been "disrupting business" by distributing pamphlets.[4]
Religion in Glodok, West Jakarta (2020)
As for shopping centre, most of the vendors in Glodok are Chinese Indonesians. Glodok is the biggest Chinatown area in Indonesia, and one of the biggest Chinatowns in the world. The Chinatown covers three main areas, namely Gang Gloria (Gloria alley), Jalan Pancoran and Petak Sembilan. The Chinese came to Jakarta since the 17th century as traders and manual laborers. Most of them came from Fujian and Guangdong provinces in southern China. Centred on Pintu Besar Selatan Road, it has become a commercial hub for the relatively prosperous Chinese community. Assimilation between Chinese and pribumi made a language known as Betawi language.[5] Chinese New Year celebrations and Cap Go Meh celebrations held in the area are major attractions, after president Gus Dur began lifting restrictions in 2000. The area is now a spot to buy Chinese food, traditional Chinese medicine and cheap electronic goods.
Glodok and contiguous of Mangga Dua[6] are one of the biggest shopping centres in Southeast Asia. It stretches from Pancoran street to Gunung Sahari street and has approximately 500,000 m2 of shopping centres. Beside sales of electronic consumer goods, Glodok is also the biggest market for original and bootleg audio and video discs.
Other than shopping, Glodok is a spot to buy Chinese food, traditional Chinese medicine and cheap electronic goods. Gang Gloria is a famous place for a wide array of dishes, including gado-gado (mixed vegetables served with peanut sauce), soto betawi (beef cooked in coconut milk), ketupat sayur (rice cakes served with coconut milk and vegetables), sek ba (pork offal stewed in soy sauce) and more. Established in 1927, the legendary Kopi Es Tak Kie coffee shop specializes in iced coffee. Rujak Shanghai Encim (boiled cuttlefish, radish, cucumber, and water spinach with red sauce and peanut sprinkle) this fresh salad was established around 1950s. This kind of dish is very rare, and only able find it at Glodok.[7]
There are four old temples in the area, namely Dharma Bhakti Temple, Dharma Sakti Temple, Hui Tek Bio temple and Dharma Jaya Toasebio Temple. Kim Tek Ie Temple also known as Dharma Bhakti Temple, which was established in 1650 is the oldest temple in Jakarta.[8] Santa de Fatima Catholic Church, which is built in Chinese architecture located at Jl. Kemurnian III.
In 2016, this subdistrict was inhabited by 8,626 residents consisting of 4,407 men and 4,219 women with a sex ratio of 104.46 and 4,772 heads of families.
Then in terms of religion, the population of this sub-district is also quite diverse. Based on data from the West Jakarta City Central Statistics Agency in 2020, the number of religious adherents in this sub-district was recorded, where Buddhism was 42.8%, then Christianity 37.9% (Protestant 22.1% and Catholic 15.8%), Islam 19, 3%, and a small proportion of Hindus 0.1%.
There are many bus services provided by TransJakarta, PPD, Mayasari Bakti, and city transport. TransJakarta stops at the Glodok bus stop. Jakarta Kota, Kampung Bandan, Mangga Besar and Jayakarta stations of KRL Commuterline are located adjacent to the area.
Media related to Glodok at Wikimedia Commons
6°09′S 106°49′E / 6.150°S 106.817°E / -6.150; 106.817
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Dipercaya pelanggan skala nasional
Belum lama ini publik dikejutkan dengan penemuan jembatan Glodok kuno di lokasi proyek MRT Jakarta fase 2A Glodok–Kota. Jembatan itu ditemukan satu meter di bawah persimpangan Jalan Pinangsia Raya dengan Pintu Besar Selatan dan Pancoran.
Sejarawan Alwi Shahab dalam Batavia Kota Banjir menyebut pada masa lalu kawasan Glodok dan Pancoran dihubungkan oleh sebuah kanal. Oleh karena itu dibangun jembatan untuk menghubungkan kedua daerah tersebut. Namun, pada awal abad ke-20 kanal di kawasan Pancoran ditutup dan kini merupakan bagian dari jalan raya dan pertokoan. Sementara jembatan Glodok yang menghubungkan kawasan Glodok dan Pancoran dibongkar.
Ketika Belanda menduduki Batavia, Glodok merupakan salah satu kawasan yang tak pernah sepi dari aktivitas masyarakat. Kawasan ini juga dikenal sebagai salah satu pecinan tertua di Indonesia.
Sejarah kawasan ini berkaitan dengan peristiwa pembantaian orang-orang Tionghoa di Batavia pada 1740. Kedatangan orang Tionghoa dalam jumlah besar menyebabkan dibukanya wilayah di sekitar Batavia. Mereka membuka perkebunan gula yang menjadi satu-satunya ekspor asli Batavia pada abad ke-17 dalam bentuk gula mentah maupun arak.
Perkembangan komunitas Tionghoa itu membuat VOC khawatir. Karena sulit mengawasi orang Tionghoa di luar tembok kota, VOC pun mengeluarkan peraturan yang semakin lama semakin keras. Mulanya VOC menetapkan kuota orang Tionghoa yang diizinkan diangkut dengan kapal jung. Namun, aturan ini diakali dengan mendaratkan para tenaga kerja di luar pelabuhan Batavia, kemudian mereka diselundupkan ke dalam kota.
Gesekan antara VOC dengan orang Tionghoa di sekitar Batavia kian terlihat setelah VOC menurunkan harga dan kuota produksi gula yang dialokasikan untuk penggilingan tebu di sekitar Batavia. Kebijakan itu diambil VOC sebagai dampak melimpahnya persediaan gula di pasar dunia.
Kebijakan VOC itu menyebabkan banyak kuli Tionghoa kehilangan pekerjaan. Kondisi itu meningkatkan angka kriminalitas karena sejumlah kuli membentuk gerombolan pencuri. Untuk menangani hal itu, VOC merencanakan pemindahan paksa para migran yang tidak terdaftar ke pos-pos terdepan Belanda di wilayah Ceylon (kini Sri Lanka).
Di sisi lain, kekhawatiran muncul di kalangan orang-orang Tionghoa yang berada di wilayah Batavia. Tersiar kabar bahwa rencana pemindahan para migran merupakan kedok untuk membuang mereka ke laut.
Sejarawan Susan Blackburn dalam Jakarta: Sejarah 400 Tahun menyebut pada 1740 wilayah sekitar Batavia menjadi saksi pemberontakan petani Tionghoa. Mereka berbaris menuju pusat kota Batavia sembari membawa senjata buatan sendiri. Meski orang Tionghoa yang tinggal di kota terhitung sedikit atau tak pernah melakukan kontak dengan orang Tionghoa di luar dinding kota, beredar isu bahwa orang-orang Tionghoa di dalam dinding kota Batavia berencana membantu para pemberontak.
“Ketika gerombolan orang Cina yang bersenjata seadanya ini menyerang kota pada 8 Oktober, mereka dapat diusir dengan mudah, tapi orang Cina yang tinggal di dalam kota tidak luput dari kekerasan,” tulis Susan.
Imbas pemberontakan tersebut ribuan rumah orang Tionghoa dijarah dan dibakar. “Kemungkinan korbannya lebih dari 1.000 orang Cina,” tulis Susan.
Menurut Alwi Shahab, ketika pembantaian ini terjadi, perkampungan orang Tionghoa berada kira-kira di sebelah utara Glodok, di kawasan Kali Besar. VOC kemudian membangun perkampungan baru untuk mereka yang berlokasi sedikit di luar tembok kota yang kini dikenal dengan nama Glodok.
Budayawan Rachmat Ruchiat dalam Asal-Usul Nama Tempat di Jakarta menyebut ada sejumlah kisah mengenai asal-usul kata Glodok. Pertama, kata itu disebut berasal dari kata grojok yang mengacu pada bunyi suara kucuran air dari pancuran.
Pada 1670, di area itu terdapat semacam waduk penampungan air yang dikucurkan dengan pancuran kayu dari ketinggian sekitar 10 kaki. “Kata grojok diucapkan oleh orang-orang Tionghoa totok, penduduk mayoritas kawasan itu zaman dulu. Kemudian berubah menjadi glodok sesuai dengan lidahnya,” tulis Rachmat.
Sumber lain menyebut kata Glodok berawal dari jembatan bernama Jembatan Glodok. Jembatan itu melintas di atas Kali Besar yang berada di kawasan tersebut. Menurut Rachmat, yang mengutip Frederik de Haan, jembatan itu dinamai demikian karena dahulu di ujungnya terdapat tangga-tangga yang menempel pada tepi kali yang dibuat pada 1643. Kala itu tangga tersebut biasa digunakan untuk mandi dan mencuci oleh penduduk sekitar. Tangga semacam itu dalam bahasa Sunda disebut golodok, sama seperti sebutan bagi tangga rumah.
Sementara itu, Alwi Shahab dalam Betawi: Queen of The East mencatat, kawasan itu mulanya adalah tempat pemberhentian kuda-kuda penarik beban untuk diberi minum. Masih di sekitar Glodok terdapat pula kawasan Pancoran yang dahulu merupakan tempat penjernihan air.
“Nama Pancoran digunakan karena di tempat ini dulu ada air mancur. Para penduduk siap antri selama beberapa jam untuk mengambil air dari kali Molenvliet (Ciliwung) yang telah disaring terlebih dahulu,” tulis Alwi.
Air dari penampungan itu juga disalurkan ke kawasan kastil melalui Pintu Besar Selatan. Konsep menyalurkan air dengan menggunakan saluran itu telah dikembangkan sejak masa pemerintahan Gubernur Jenderal Durven (berkuasa 1728–1732). Meski begitu proses menyalurkan air ini baru dilaksanakan pada masa kepemimpinan Gubernur Jenderal van Imhoff (berkuasa 1743–1750).
Saluran air yang terbuat dari kayu itu berbentuk balok persegi empat yang dilubangi kemudian disambung satu sama lain dengan direkatkan menggunakan timah. Saluran air itu kemudian disalurkan ke air mancur yang berada di halaman balaikota atau Stadhuis (kini Museum Sejarah Jakarta), untuk memenuhi kebutuhan air warga di dalam tembok kota.
Seiring berjalannya waktu, aktivitas perekonomian di kawasan Glodok terus berkembang hingga sekarang. Sebagai salah satu pusat perekonomian yang sibuk di Jakarta, kawasan ini bahkan sempat menjadi pusat perdagangan gelap uang dolar sampai pertengahan tahun 1960-an.*
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Kantor Sekretariat/Pos RW 05 Kelurahan Glodok, Kecamatan Taman Sari dipercantik dengan berbagai orna...
Throughout history, Chinatown has always been dubbed as a hub of activity, a pillar of the economy, and a key element in each city. Situated in the district of Taman Sari in West Jakarta, in the capital city of Indonesia, Glodok is touted as the largest Chinatown region in the country and one of the largest in the world. This section of The Old Batavia City is home to many people of Chinese descent and has been known as Chinatown or Pecinan since the Dutch Colonial Era. In modern times, Glodok is best known as the electronic trading center of Jakarta.
Strolling through the streets, visitors to the area can revel in the rich history encased in this city within a city. Follow a trail of historical buildings, ancient temples and traditional Chinese architecture.Learn, observe, and go shopping along the way. The name Glodok comes from the Sundanese word "Golodog,” which means‘ the entrance to a house,’ as Sunda Kelapa (now Jakarta,) was once the gateway to the ancient Sunda Kingdom.
During Colonial times, commercial opportunities created by the Dutch attracted thousands of people from areas of what is now Indonesia, who flocked towards the city. This also included an enormous influx of immigrants from China who were contracted as skilled artisans, sugar mill workers and shopkeepers. With the number of Chinese rising rapidly, the Dutch colonial government and locals began to feel threatened by their number.
When in 1720, global sugar prices were reduced by 50% due to increased competition and export from the West Indies, Dutch lords then set a standard price for sugar which caused unrest amongst Chinese sugar merchants. On October 7, 1740, hundreds of ethnic Chinese, mainly from the sugar trade, rose up against the Dutch, killing 50 soldiers. On October 9, 1740, the tragedy now known as Geger Pacinan struck. Rumors of a further uprising caused Dutch soldiers to open fire on Chinese homes where nearly 10,000 ethnic Chinese were massacred. The following year, the remaining Chinese were settled outside Batavia’s city walls, in the area now known as Glodok.
Getting to Glodok Chinatown is fairly easy. Located not far from Stasiun Jakarta Kota, visitors may either take a taxi or ojek (motorbike taxi) or try public transportation such as the TransJakarta Bus, Metromini,or 3-wheeled Bajaj.
PT. GEMILANG KELOLA SENTRA BISNIS
Jl. Hayam Wuruk No.127 Jakarta 11180 MKT: 021-6287889 Office : 021-62317000 eMail: [email protected]
